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The discovery of an effective drug in the treatment of avian influenza

Scientific tests have shown that a drug used in the treatment of influenza has shown effectiveness in the fight against avian flu spread in Asia. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization in Australia tested the drug called Relenza on a sample of the H5N1 virus, which killed 

Get rid of colds and treat colds by traditional means

22 people in Asia and infected millions of chickens. During the tests, the drug showed great effectiveness in stopping the multiplication of the avian flu virus, the same role it plays with other strains of the virus. Relenza was introduced on the world market in 1999. The drug is based on the discovery by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization that there is a small sector on the surface of the influenza virus that does not change in different breeds. Relenza works by disrupting the work of proteins on the surface of this part of the virus Therefore, the number of the virus can not be doubled. The drug proved that it could prevent the transmission of influenza to about 80 percent of the cases. It also showed efficacy in reducing the symptoms of infection in infected people. Another drug called Tamiflu was developed later on the same research, Real estate manufacturers Initial clinical trials have also shown that they are effective in fighting the avian influenza virus, and no human-to-human transmission has been recorded, but health experts worry that if the virus is integrated into the human influenza strain, a mutated version of the virus could result. Are transmitted from one person to another, posing a major threat, and all people who have died of the virus have been infected by direct infected birds so far.

The current strategy to prevent further spread of the virus and to threaten human life is to get rid of millions of chickens on farms and Asian markets, and the results shown by our experiments show that the drug is effective in controlling avian influenza in the laboratory and how important this discovery is. Effectiveness of Relenza in the treatment of people with avian influenza.

The hearts of young smokers are more likely to have heart attacks

The hearts of young smokers are more likely to have heart attacks

The risk of smoking on the heart is increased by those who are under the age of five times than non-smokers.

Middle East Online

Paris - Although the risk of smoking on the heart is known, a recent study shows that this applies to a particular picture of smokers under 40 years of age, who are five times more likely than non-smokers to risk a non-fatal heart attack.

The hearts of young smokers are more likely to have heart attacks

Finland's epidemiologist Marco Mahonen and his colleagues, whose findings are published Tuesday in the British magazine Tobacco Control, warned.

The scientists adopted the findings of the monika study of cardiovascular disease between 1985 and 1995 under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO), which included 7.2 million people in 21 countries. The study, "Monica", allowed more than 22,000 heart attacks to be found among 18,762 men and 4,047 women between the ages of 35 and 39.

Smokers accounted for 80 percent of those who had a heart attack.

Men aged 35-39 years were five times more likely than non-smokers to have a heart attack, while women increased by 5.3 times, the study found.

According to the study, smoking is the cause of about two-thirds (65%) non-fatal heart attacks in men aged 35-39 years and more than half (55%) in women of the same age group.

However, the authors of the study do not rule out that "genetic diseases" play a role in this regard, including the genetic imbalance known as "turning factor 5 Leiden" known to lead to blockage in the arteries.

"It is possible that the interaction between smoking and other factors - such as genetic disorders - has a significant role in the development of these heart attacks in young people," they wrote, adding that "many other factors may not be easy to address. Stop smoking may be the key to prevention. "

The phenomenon of infectious diseases

The phenomenon of infectious diseases worry about systems that fight nationally and globally

Last week, the world was re-imprisoned for fear of the unknown in the development of bird flu infection. Suddenly, health authorities in China, Vietnam and Hong Kong, where the contagious disease was still active, reported that the bird flu virus had first been discovered in wild animals. It appeared that all the measures taken by the countries, including the crematoria of disposing of millions of birds at once, did not succeed in placing the people on the safe shore. Yeah. The bird flu virus exists and develops, and may jump at any moment to become a new epidemic of human sex. Despite all the talk of scientific progress, the AIDS virus emerged in the late 20th century, killing millions of people and settling into the bodies of tens of millions of people. The mad cow virus then moved from herds to humans. He joined the list of communicable diseases, a disease that afflicts only a few people. The 21st century also began with SARS, which threatened to turn into a pandemic that kills millions. Bird flu is strongly associated with animals. Scientists are following the nightmare of becoming a human-infecting virus. On the other side of the picture, America is terrified of the "Valley of the Nile" virus, which in the last year of the last century has succeeded in reaching it. Infectious diseases, unexpectedly, have become a major concern for people across the globe.

Infectious diseases, causes and prevention, symptoms, risk factors, treatment

Mix virus and economy

Hussain Abdel-Razzaq al-Jazairi, Regional Director of WHO in the Eastern Mediterranean, completes the list of concerns. "Last year, the yellow fever epidemic in southern Sudan, the outbreak of the Rift Valley fever in Egypt, and the spread of dengue fever in Yemen were reported, and isolated cases of hemmorhagic fevers were reported in a number of countries in the Region. A big problem in Somalia and the West Nile fever has emerged in Tunisia. " "The list of emergency infectious diseases in the Mediterranean region seems to have been reduced by the relative inadequacy of epidemiological surveillance systems ... some countries are deliberately blinding some epidemics," he said. "The SARS outbreak has caused enormous economic losses by applying strict sanitary rules at airports and harbors. Livestock exports from Somalia declined by 92 percent in 2000 due to the spread of Rift Valley fever, with a loss of nearly $ 120 million. "

The Ebola epidemic in Sudan and Zaire emerged in 1976 and 1979. The cholera epidemic was renewed, after experts long thought it was about to be eradicated. In 1993, the World Health Organization declared a medical emergency to renew the TB epidemic. The West Nile Valley virus is monitored in more than 30 states of the United States, as well as Morocco, Tunisia and Oman. Rift Valley fever is renewed in sub-Saharan Africa. It is known that he appeared in the seventies in Egypt and moved to Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Egypt. Dengue's disease has also reappeared in Pakistan, Djibouti, Sudan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Yellow Fever was reported to have been renewed in southern Sudan.

Diphtheria has been hit for three years in Iraq. A wave of Leishmaniasis disease swept Iraq, Pakistan and Sudan. In 2001, 52,000 people in Britain were infected with Stophilococcus bacteria.

Causes of the return of infectious diseases

The strong return of infectious diseases is probably due to several factors. The phenomenon coincided with changes in human demography, that is, overcrowding. In the year 800, the population was 1 million. At the end of the twentieth century it became 6 billion. There has also been a change in human behavior. International trade and tourism also expanded. Today, humans can reach anywhere in the world in less than 36 hours. This speed requires mixing people, which facilitates the spread of diseases among them. "In Egypt, I saw a" taste "of China," said Zuhair Hallaj, representative of WHO's Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, "We have been fighting for polio for 20 years, and we are still fighting it by various means ... We have to be realistic. Epidemics and infectious diseases ".

He urges the promotion of cooperation between concerned ministries, non-governmental organizations and international organizations.

Diego Buryo, an expert at the World Health Organization (WHO), stresses that the fight against communicable diseases is a priority, accelerating the process of analyzing information about these diseases and spreading them rapidly in countries. The importance of building an informal system that collects information from various sources, such as NGOs and the media, is important. This system includes another system that reveals information based on rumors. And then distinguishes between correct information and vice versa. He also notes the importance of building a good management structure run by an experienced team, operating within a flexible system to obtain information from densely populated places such as sporting events and pilgrimage. He stresses the importance of training epidemiologists to support epidemiological efforts.

A global emergency response network has been built. The network monitored SARS and influenza patients.

This network collects information from both formal and informal sources. This information comes from United Nations partners such as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), UNICEF, NGOs, private laboratories and others.

He points to an international logistics mechanism that WHO is working to improve. It is housed in a store containing medicines and vaccines, to be delivered in the event of a pandemic wave anywhere in the world.

Boreo pointed out that there is a laboratory network currently working on training specialists in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and other Arab countries. It runs a training program in Jordan, Yemen, Syria and Lebanon, which lasts for two years.

Bombs (viral) threaten the capitals of the world

Bombs (viral) threaten the capitals of the world

Symptoms and treatment of smallpox

Experts are looking preventive protection measures for the style of the terrorist Next: bombs (viral) threaten the capitals of the world conference, focused addressing issues related to international security on the existence of the risk of terrorist attacks using biological weapons, faced with major cities in the world, including some of the major cities in the Middle East, is the responsible authorities in the various regions, do not stand idle toward such threats, and make suitable arrangements for the worst in case took place, God forbid.

He cited the International Conference on biosecurity against smallpox, which was held in Geneva, Switzerland, the details of a number of risk factors, which make the major cities potential targets for terrorist attacks, such as the important areas geographically, and areas that are home to large numbers of arrivals, or global events that attract to attend large numbers of glasses, or the major airports in the world.

While the experts participating in the conference recognized that the risks mentioned earlier apply to many of the densely populated areas in the Middle East, but they said that governments in those areas aware of the responsibilities that regard, and take appropriate action.

Said Dr. Jean-Pascal Zanderis, a project to prevent the use of biological weapons, located in Switzerland, which participated in the Conference Manager: (he was taking governments and public authorities responsible for the actions of precautionary appropriate, a wise move demonstrates the acumen of those governments. It can all those procedures as of the original proceedings, it is also low cost. In addition, they are not considered of failed investments. The whole community will benefit from the improved infrastructure for health and emergency) procedures.

He added: (must take preventive measures before the occurrence of the outlawed. This is the responsibility clearly lies with the parliaments and governments).

Smallpox was one of the threats that have been highlighted in the conference's disease, a disease that was considered the most dangerous. This is a disease of the fast-spreading diseases, which are easy to transport, as the virus that causes the disease is spread mainly through droplets micro and transmitted with the breath, and can cause the disease to die, or leave a scar visible on the survivors of those infected with smallpox.

And support serious letter addressed to the conference, a short statement issued by the US Consulate in Dubai said it (must be taken to use non-conventional weapons, including chemical and biological weapons, into consideration as possible) as threats.

Among the actions that can be taken to reduce the effects of a possible attack, store large amounts of pollen from the second generation, to be used in an emergency situation, and work to vaccinate senior government officials, the civil service, and civil defense workers in the health care sector.

Analysis of a recent threat

Rooted origins of smallpox in the Middle East and the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean, in pre-Islamic times. As bearing Pharaonic King Ramses V, who died in 1157 BC residue, the effects of the assignment of smallpox, which spread as an epidemic killing of seven million people, which is believed to be the cause of the collapse of the Romanian Empire. Until the sixties, smallpox was the cause of death of two million people around the world annually.

The World Health Organization announced in 1980, after 30 years of struggle against the disease, for the eradication of smallpox. Since then, governments have refrained from carrying out vaccination programs against smallpox, and fell, as a result, natural immunity, and left more than 90 percent of the world are exposed to the disease's population.